What is the .Net Framework?
The .NET Framework is a managed execution environment that provides a variety of services to its running applications. It consists of two major components: the common language runtime (CLR), which is the execution engine that handles running applications; and the .NET Framework Class Library, which provides a library of tested, reusable code that developers can call from their own applications. The services that the .NET Framework provides to running applications include the following:
The .NET Framework is a managed execution environment that provides a variety of services to its running applications. It consists of two major components: the common language runtime (CLR), which is the execution engine that handles running applications; and the .NET Framework Class Library, which provides a library of tested, reusable code that developers can call from their own applications. The services that the .NET Framework provides to running applications include the following:
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Memory management. In many programming languages,
programmers are responsible for allocating and releasing memory and for
handling object lifetimes. In .NET Framework applications, the CLR
provides these services on behalf of the application.
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A common type system. In traditional programming
languages, basic types are defined by the compiler, which complicates
cross-language interoperability. In the .NET Framework, basic types are
defined by the .NET Framework type system and are common to all
languages that target the .NET Framework.
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An extensive class library. Instead of having to
write vast amounts of code to handle common low-level programming
operations, programmers can use a readily accessible library of types
and their members from the .NET Framework Class Library.
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Development frameworks and technologies. The .NET
Framework includes libraries for specific areas of application
development, such as ASP.NET for web applications, ADO.NET for data
access, and Windows Communication Foundation for service-oriented
applications.
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Language interoperability. Language compilers that
target the .NET Framework emit an intermediate code named Common
Intermediate Language (CIL), which, in turn, is compiled at run time by
the common language runtime. With this feature, routines written in one
language are accessible to other languages, and programmers can focus on
creating applications in their preferred language or languages.
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Version compatibility. With rare exceptions,
applications that are developed by using a particular version of the
.NET Framework can run without modification on a later version.
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Side-by-side execution. The .NET Framework helps
resolve version conflicts by allowing multiple versions of the common
language runtime to exist on the same computer. This means that multiple
versions of applications can also coexist, and that an application can
run on the version of the .NET Framework with which it was built.
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Multitargeting. By targeting the .NET Framework
Portable Class Library, developers can create assemblies that work on
multiple .NET Framework platforms, such as Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows
Phone, and Xbox 360.
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